Analysis of behavioral change techniques in communityled. Akut sustainable sanitation, 2014 as cited in sanni, 2015 the author went further to give a brief description of each of the types. In recent years, new innovations such as communityled total sanitation clts have attracted significant attention. Communities are facilitated to conduct their own appraisal and analysis of open defecation od and take their own action to become odf open defecation free. Community led total sanitation clts methodology and sanitation marketing in the implementation of the sanitation for health project in paicho sub county, gulu district. Community led total sanitation clts is a participatory approach to addressing open defecation that has demonstrated success in previous studies, yet there is no research on how implementation arrangements and context change effectiveness. Total sanitation focuses on stopping open defecation and moving to hygienic sanitation at the village or community level. Community led total sanitation clts is an approach which helps rural communities to understand and realise the negative effects of poor sanitation and empowers them to collectively find solutions to their inadequate sanitation situation. The approach has been adopted by the world banks water. Communityled total sanitation in rural areas an approach.
Political commitment to cltsh is reflected in a standardized national implementation. Communityled total sanitation clts sswm find tools for. Although clts has been shown to be successful in previous studies, little is known about how clts works. Community led total sanitation clts is a sanitation behavior change intervention that was developed by kamal kar in bangladesh in the late 1990s kar and chambers, 2008. Thus, this session focuses on the phases, concepts, and components of the cltsh approach, as indicated in the national guidelines. Evaluating the impact of community led total sanitation clts. Also available in chinese, arabic, french and spanish. This handbook in nepali version has been found to be quite useful and popular in communities. Community led total sanitation clts in fragile contexts. Key duties and responsibilities the cltsassistants shall be responsible for. Trainers guide on communityled total sanitation and. The clts approach which has been successfully implemented in bangladesh is one which facilitates a process of empowering local communities to stop open defecation and to build and use latrines without support of any external hardware subsidy. Communityled total sanitation clts challenges and opportunities. Community led total sanitation clts is an innovative methodology for mobilising communities to completely eliminate open defecation od.
The role of local government and community structures in. The communityled total sanitation toolkit is one of the support manuals developed for the rural water supply, sanitation and hygiene programme in the solomon islands. Evidence from ethiopia and ghana article pdf available in international journal of hygiene and environmental health 2203 may 2017. It focuses on collective hygiene behaviour change stimulated by facilitators from within or outside the community. It stresses total elimination of open defecation using hygienic, locally constructed toilets. The approach entails the facilitation of sanitation pro. Pdf how does communityled total sanitation clts affect. We used a quasiexperimental study design to compare two interventions in ethiopia. Training in communityled total behavior change in hygiene. In this context, community led total sanitation clts is seen as an effective strategy to rapidly change the sanitation situation in somalia as the approach relies heavily on communal action towards a common objective eliminate od for better health outcomes. What is community led total sanitation clts top things to. Abstract the abstract presents the experience of plan uganda in monitoring for open defecation free odf and sustainability through empowering the local government lg and community structures.
Communityled total sanitation clts is a participatory approach to addressing open defecation that has demonstrated success in previous studies, yet there is no research on how implementation arrangements and context change effectiveness. This handbook on community led total sanitation clts, produced in collaboration with the institute of development studies ids in the uk, is aimed at enabling communities to analyse their sanitation conditions and collectively understand the impact of. Communityled total sanitation clts involves facilitating a process to inspire and empower rural communities to stop open defecation and to build and use latrines, without offering external subsidies to purchase hardware such as pans and pipes. Community led total sanitation clts is an approach used mainly in developing countries to improve sanitation and hygiene practices in a community. Communityled total sanitation clts is an approach to achieve sustained behavior change of people who participate in a guided process of triggering. The clts assistant is responsible for mobilizing communities for carrying out pretrigger, trigger sessions and post trigger sessions, organizing. It follows the philosophy of participatory rural appraisal, or pra clts focuses on triggering communities to improve their own sanitation systems and become open defecation free odf. Handbook on communityled total sanitation world health.
Purpose this learning brief shares key findings from a case study of communityled total sanitation clts implementation in plan international uganda program areas, focusing on the roles and responsibilities of local actors. Clts has proven effective in various settings and contexts, enabling communities to set their own goals and fulfill them with minimal external financial inputs. The annual water, sanitation and hygiene wash multistakeholder forum msf is the most important wash sector event in ethiopia with over 300 participants. Feb 02, 2018 community led total sanitation clts is a widely applied rural behavior change approach for ending open defecation. Community led total sanitation clts involves facilitating a process to inspire and empower rural communities to stop open defecation and to build and use latrines, without offering external subsidies to purchase hardware such as pans and pipes. Pdf community led total sanitation for community based.
Community ledtotal sanitation clts assistants 4 at. Trainers guide on communityled total sanitation and hygiene. Clts focuses on triggering communities to improve their own sanitation systems and become open defecation free odf. School led total sanitation is thus developed as a. It follows the philosophy of participatory rural appraisal, or pra. Communityled total sanitation in rural areas an approach that works february 2007 field note the water and sanitation program is an international partnership for improving water and sanitation sector policies, practices, and capacities to serve poor people sanitation programs have, for some time now, incorporated the need to raise awareness and. Clts involves no hardware subsidy and does not prescribe latrine models. It is an integrated approach that focuses on achieving and sustaining open defecation free odf status. Sustainability of communityled total sanitation outcomes. Pdf improving sanitation and hygiene through communityled.
They are facilitated to conduct their own appraisal and analysis and take their own action to become open defecationfree. The basic assumption is that no human being can stay unmoved once they have learned. How does communityled total sanitation clts affect. The community led total sanitation project was, thus, conceived to overcome the rural sanitation problem by developing infrastructure and building awareness. Environmental sanitation trainings conducted 0 203 what is communityled total sanitation.
Community led total sanitation clts is a grassroots approach to sanitation developed in bangladesh and now active in more than 15 countries. Evaluating the impact of community led total sanitation. Clts involves facilitating a process to inspire and empower rural communities to stop open defecation and to build and use. Communityled total sanitation clts is a widely applied rural behavior change approach for ending open defecation. The communityled total sanitation project was, thus, conceived to overcome the rural sanitation problem by developing infrastructure and building awareness. As part of the nl capacity development process, a technical team composed of plan ghana, the. Sanitation related diseases have become endemic in southern africa resulting in increased sanitation and hygiene morbidity and mortality. Communityled total sanitation clts facilitator manual. In 2014, emory university and catholic relief services crs collaborated in research aimed to assess the effectiveness of the community led total sanitation clts approach for hygiene and sanitation promotion under crss integrated water resource management iwrm project in. Communityled total sanitation, open defecation free status.
Determining the effectiveness and mode of operation of. Communityled total sanitation, open defecation free status, and ebola virus disease in lofa county, liberia jean meyer capps 1, haron njiru2, and pieter devries3 1jean capps associates, takoma park, maryland, usa 2haron njiru consulting, nairobi, kenya 3global communities, silver spring, maryland, usa the ebola virus disease evd epidemic entered liberia through lofa county in. Communityled total sanitation clts is an approach used to improve sanitation n a community. Clts has led to thousands of lowcost toilets springing up all around the rural areas of south, south east asia, africa and beyond. The term triggering is central to the clts process. Mar 21, 2018 community led total sanitation clts is a widely used, community based approach to tackle open defecation and its healthrelated problems. Community ledtotal sanitation clts assistants 04 reports to.
Seven steps to community led total sanitation wash alliance. Communityled total sanitation clts integrated approach to achieving and sustaining zero open defecation zod status utilizes participatory rural assessment pra methods analysis of own sanitation conditions collectively internalize the terrible impact of. The dynamics and sustainability of communityled total sanitation. Pdf practical innovations for strengthening communityled.
Unicef and who recommended a strategy called communityled total sanitation, to gradually move villages to zero open defecation. Communityled total sanitation clts is a grassroots approach to sanitation developed in bangladesh and now active in more than 15 countries. This is done by a process of social awakening that is. Community led total sanitation is based on stimulating a collective sense of disgust and shame among community members as they confront the crude facts about mass open defecation and its negative impacts on the entire community.
This is an integrated approach to achieving and sustaining open defecation free odf status. It would be helpful to plan and implement targeted interventions to correct this situation. We used a crosssectional case study to identify personal, physical, and social context factors and psychosocial determinants from the risks. What exactly is community led total sanitation clts. Community led total sanitation clts aims at eliminating open defecation by applying participatory activities that engage entire communities. Clts means community led total sanitation that mobilises communities to completely eliminate open defecation.
This increases the risk of diarrhea, which is among the top five killer diseases in the country. How does communityled total sanitation clts affect latrine. From a modest start in bangladesh, clts is now being adopted in the rural areas of many asian and african countries. This handbook will increase understanding of the facts and processes. Pdf sustainability of communityled total sanitation. Survey of recent sanitation achievement in himachal pradesh authored by.
In response, a new approach called community led total sanitation clts has taken the sanitation world by storm. Assessment of water, sanitation, and hygiene practices and. The initiative aimed at creating behavioural changes as an important step to curbing communicable diseases, thereby making a positive impact on health, safety for women. The term triggering describes processes that bring about spontaneous and longterm changes to sanitation practices. Communityled total sanitation clts sswm find tools.
Communityled total sanitation clts is an innovative approach for empowering communities to completely eliminate open defecation od. The region has experienced 318 400 cases of cholera and diarrhoea outbreaks between 2006 and 2012. Sanitation marketing communityled total sanitation. The zambia sanitation and hygiene program zshp, featuring community led total sanitation, began in november 2011 to increase the use of improved sanitation facilities and adopt positive hygiene. Practical innovations for strengthening community led total sanitation.
Community led total sanitation in rural areas an approach that works february 2007 field note the water and sanitation program is an international partnership for improving water and sanitation sector policies, practices, and capacities to serve poor people sanitation programs have, for some time now, incorporated the need to raise awareness and. Testing clts approaches for sustainability download the learning brief pdf, 1mb, 4 pp. The way to achieve this objective is by empowering communities motivated to take collective action. We used a crosssectional case study to identify personal, physical, and social context factors and psychosocial determinants from the risks, attitudes. This handbook on community led total sanitation clts, produced in collaboration with the institute of development studies ids in the uk, is aimed at enabling communities to analyse their sanitation conditions and collectively understand the impact of open defecation on public health and their environment. Clts is focused on igniting a change in sanitation behaviour rather than constructing toilets.
Communityled total sanitation clts is a widely used, communitybased approach to tackle open defecation and its healthrelated problems. Communityled total sanitation clts integrated approach to achieving and sustaining zero open defecation zod status utilizes participatory rural assessment pra methods analysis of own sanitation conditions collectively internalize the terrible impact of od on public health and on the entire community. Before i describe clts in a research study to test its effectiveness, i should emphasize that there is a practice that continuing between one time short term information treatments in periodic long term interventions. Pdf improving sanitation and hygiene through community. By february 2014, 98 of 115 clts communities had been certified as open defecation free odf, meaning they. Communityled total sanitation clts is an approach which helps rural communities to understand and realise the negative effects of poor sanitation and empowers them to collectively find solutions to their inadequate sanitation situation. Communityled total sanitation clts represents a radical alternative to conventional topdown approaches to sanitation and offers hope of achieving the. The national sanitation and hygiene program implementation uses communityled total sanitation and hygiene cltsh as an approach. While the water, sanitation and hygiene wash sector in liberia has made significant strides in the past decade. Community led total sanitation is one of such approaches.
The tssm approach marries the generation of demand both at the household level through sanitation marketing and at the community level through total sanitation. This strategy requires strong community mobilization, but our results suggest that it would be relevant in lalo. Communityled total sanitation clts is a sanitation behavior change intervention that was developed by kamal kar in bangladesh in the late 1990s kar and chambers, 2008. It will be used to guide sanitation facilitators, and others working with villages, to trigger village action on taking control of sanitation and hygiene within their villages. Plan uk is a childcentred community development organisation with no religious or political affiliations. There is a growing recognition that this approach, referred to as communityled total sanitation clts, may help with the reduction of open defecation practices. The guideline has adopted the basic concepts of school sanitation and hygiene education, capacity development activities as identified in basic sanitation package and the ignition participatory rural appraisal tools being used in community led total sanitation. Community led total sanitation clts is an approach to achieve sustained behavior change of people who participate in a guided process of triggering. This report of a study commissioned by the institute of development studies on the community led total sanitation clts site presents the findings of the survey that was conducted in himachal pradesh to assess the progress made by the state in rural sanitation, in the context. To address the problem, kenya has adopted the community led total sanitation clts approach to mobilize communities towards improving their sanitation and hygiene practices. The role of local government and community structures in community led total sanitation clts monitoring authors namwebe mary1.
What is clts community led total sanitation foundation. Local governments and other agencies perform a facilitating role. Communityled total sanitation, open defecation free. The community led total sanitation toolkit is one of the support manuals developed for the rural water supply, sanitation and hygiene programme in the solomon islands. The national sanitation and hygiene program implementation uses community led total sanitation and hygiene cltsh as an approach. Communityled total sanitation clts is a promising approach that seeks to raise awareness of the faecaloral contamination route, and capitalises on human emotions of disgust and shame to bring about communitywide change in defecation practices, the ultimate. It focuses on spontaneous and longlasting behavior change of an entire community. We make longterm commitments to children in poverty and assist. Communityled total sanitation clts is a widely used, communitybased approach to tackle open defecation and its. Ending the practice of open defecation is the goal. Also it is a valuable tool to create demand for sanitation services in communities. World vision water, sanitation, and hygiene wash projects.